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In-depth articles on metallurgy, materials science, and metal processing — written for engineers and learners alike.

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GA
Calculators

Galvanic Corrosion Risk Estimator — Galvanic Series and Material Compatibility

Free galvanic corrosion risk estimator based on the galvanic series in seawater. Select two metals to assess corrosion risk level, identify the anode, evaluate area ratio effects, and get engineering recommendations for prevention.

JO
Calculators

Jominy Hardenability Calculator — Steel Composition to Hardness Profile

Free Jominy hardenability calculator for steel. Estimates ideal critical diameter D_I and end-quench hardness profile from steel composition using the Grossmann method. Includes Jominy position to cooling rate and section size reference table.

TU
Tutorials

Tutorial: How to Read a Weld Inspection Report and Assess Weld Quality

Step-by-step tutorial on interpreting weld inspection reports. Covers visual inspection records, UT/RT defect reports, hardness test results, and acceptance/rejection criteria per ISO 5817 and ASME IX.

AT
Materials Testing

Atom Probe Tomography in Metallurgy: Nanoscale Composition and Clustering

Technical guide to atom probe tomography (APT) in metallurgy. Covers field evaporation, reconstruction algorithm, cluster analysis, GP zone measurement in aluminium alloys, and solute drag on grain boundaries.

TR
Advanced Materials

Transformation Toughening of Zirconia: t-ZrO₂ and Ceramic Composites

Technical guide to transformation toughening in zirconia ceramics. Covers tetragonal-to-monoclinic transformation, stress-induced transformation, Y-TZP, Mg-PSZ, ZTA composites, and applications in dental crowns and cutting tools.

WE
Materials Testing

Weld Residual Stress: Sources, Measurement, and Structural Integrity Assessment

Complete guide to residual stress in welded joints. Covers sources of weld residual stress, tensile/compressive distributions, XRD and neutron diffraction measurement, PWHT reduction, and BS 7910 fitness-for-service assessment.

TU
Tutorials

Tutorial: Understanding Weld Symbol Interpretation for Engineering Drawings

Step-by-step tutorial on interpreting weld symbols on engineering drawings. Covers AWS A2.4 and ISO 2553 symbol systems, reference line, arrow side vs other side, supplementary symbols, and weld size specification.

TU
Tutorials

Tutorial: Material Traceability and Mill Certificate Verification in Fabrication

Step-by-step tutorial on material traceability in steel fabrication. Covers EN 10204 certificate types (3.1, 3.2), heat number tracking, PMI verification, NACE sour service traceability, and documentation control.

WE
Calculators

Welding Preheat Temperature Calculator — EN 1011-2 CEN Method B

Free online welding preheat temperature calculator per EN 1011-2 CEN Method B. Enter steel composition, thickness, and hydrogen content to get minimum preheat temperature for cold-crack prevention.

CA
Calculators

Carbon Equivalent Calculator — CE(IIW) and Pcm Online Tool

Free online carbon equivalent calculator. Computes CE(IIW) and Pcm from steel composition with weldability classification. Essential tool for welding engineers and fabricators.