In-depth articles on metallurgy, materials science, and metal processing — written for engineers and learners alike.
Free online carbon equivalent calculator. Computes CE(IIW) and Pcm from steel composition with weldability classification. Essential tool for welding engineers and fabricators.
Free online welding heat input calculator per ASME Section IX and ISO 1011-1. Calculate heat input in kJ/mm for GMAW, SMAW, GTAW (TIG), SAW, and FCAW with process efficiency factors.
Free steel hardness conversion calculator. Convert HRC, Vickers HV, Brinell HBW, and Rockwell HRB per ASTM E140. Also estimates approximate tensile strength (UTS) from hardness for steels.
Free online weld metal deposition rate calculator for GMAW, FCAW, SMAW, and SAW processes. Calculate kg/h deposition rate from wire feed speed, diameter, and duty cycle to estimate weld time and filler metal consumption.
Free weld fillet size calculator per AWS D1.1 and EN 1993-1-8 Eurocode 3. Calculates minimum fillet weld leg size from plate thickness and required fillet size from applied shear load and weld length.
Technical guide to phase transformations in titanium alloys. Covers beta transus, diffusional and martensitic alpha formation, Widmanstätten vs equiaxed alpha, cooling rate effects, and heat treatment of Ti-6Al-4V.
Technical guide to magnesium alloy corrosion. Covers negative difference effect, galvanic corrosion with aluminium and steel, micro-galvanic attack at intermetallics, conversion coatings, and PEO surface treatment.
Technical guide to steel wire drawing metallurgy. Covers patenting (lead bath treatment), drawing die materials and angles, pearlite colony alignment, true strain, and wire rope construction and fatigue.
Technical guide to digital image correlation (DIC) for full-field strain measurement. Covers speckle pattern preparation, subset correlation algorithms, applications in tensile testing, fracture mechanics, and weld deformation mapping.
Technical guide to laser powder directed energy deposition (DED) for cladding and repair. Covers dilution control, solidification microstructure, powder alloy selection for corrosion/wear, HAZ effects, and turbine blade tip repair.