Knowledge Base

Microstructure

Filter: All Microstructure Materials Testing Calculators Fundamentals Welding Metallurgy Manufacturing Metallurgy Corrosion Science Steel & Ferrous Metallurgy
PO
Fundamentals

Point Defects in Metals — Vacancies, Interstitials and Substitutional Atoms

Complete guide to point defects in metals. Covers Schottky vacancies, interstitial and substitutional atoms, equilibrium vacancy concentration, solid solution types, and role of defects in diffusion and strengthening.

SL
Fundamentals

Slip Systems in Metals — BCC, FCC and HCP Compared

Technical guide to slip systems in BCC, FCC, and HCP metals. Covers slip planes and directions, Schmid factor, critical resolved shear stress (CRSS), Von Mises criterion for polycrystalline ductility, and why FCC metals are most ductile.

DI
Fundamentals

Dislocations in Metals — Edge, Screw and Mixed Types

Complete guide to dislocations in metals. Covers edge and screw dislocation types, Burgers vector, dislocation density, Taylor equation, strengthening mechanisms, and Frank-Read multiplication sources.

IR
Fundamentals

Iron-Carbon Phase Diagram — Complete Guide with All Zones, Lines and Points Explained

Complete technical guide to the iron-carbon (Fe-Fe₃C) phase diagram. Covers all phases, critical lines A1 A3 Acm, eutectoid and eutectic points, lever rule, steel classifications, and heat treatment applications. Includes annotated SVG diagram.

BC
Fundamentals

BCC, FCC and HCP Crystal Structures — Properties, Differences and Engineering Examples

Complete guide to BCC, FCC, and HCP crystal structures. Covers atomic packing factor, coordination number, slip systems, ductile-to-brittle transition, and iron’s allotropic transformation — the basis of all steel heat treatment.

MI
Fundamentals

Miller Indices — Indexing Crystal Planes and Directions in Metals

Complete guide to Miller indices. Learn to index crystal planes (hkl) and directions [uvw] in cubic and hexagonal metals with step-by-step examples. Essential for XRD, EBSD, and slip system analysis.

SC
Microstructure

Scanning Electron Microscopy in Metallurgy: SEM, EDS, and EBSD Techniques

Technical guide to SEM in metallurgy. Covers secondary electron imaging, backscattered electrons, EDS compositional analysis, EBSD crystallographic mapping, and specimen preparation.

PH
Microstructure

Phase Field Modelling of Microstructure Evolution: Dendrites, Grain Growth, and Precipitates

Technical guide to phase field modelling for microstructure simulation. Covers Allen-Cahn and Cahn-Hilliard equations, CALPHAD coupling, dendritic solidification, grain growth simulation, and MICRESS/Thermo-Calc applications.

TE
Microstructure

Texture and Anisotropy in Metals: Crystallographic Texture and Its Engineering Consequences

Technical guide to crystallographic texture in metals. Covers deformation and recrystallisation textures, pole figures, ODF, Goss texture in electrical steel, cube texture in Al foil, and anisotropy in sheet forming.

PE
Microstructure

Pearlite Formation: Nucleation, Lamellar Spacing, and Strengthening

Technical guide to pearlite formation in steels. Covers nucleation at grain boundaries, lamellar spacing vs undercooling, interlamellar spacing and strength relationship, and railway rail steel applications.