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Steel & Ferrous Metallurgy

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WE
Steel & Ferrous Metallurgy

Wear-Resistant Steels: Hadfield Manganese, Abrasion-Resistant Plate, and White Iron

Technical guide to wear-resistant steels. Covers Hadfield austenitic manganese steel, abrasion-resistant plate (AR400/AR450/AR500), chromium white iron, and selection criteria for mining and earth-moving.

UL
Steel & Ferrous Metallurgy

Ultra-High Strength Steels: 4340, 300M, AerMet100, and Their Heat Treatment

Technical guide to ultra-high strength steels (UHSS). Covers 4340, 300M (200 ksi), AerMet100 and AF1410 — composition, vacuum melt, heat treatment, fracture toughness, and aerospace/defence applications.

EL
Steel & Ferrous Metallurgy

Electrical Steels: Silicon Iron for Transformer Cores and Motor Laminations

Technical guide to electrical steels (silicon-iron). Covers grain-oriented (GO) and non-oriented (NO) grades, Goss texture, core loss mechanisms, and applications in power transformers and electric motors.

LI
Steel & Ferrous Metallurgy

Linepipe Steels: API 5L Grades, HIC Resistance, and Sour Service

Complete guide to linepipe steels for oil and gas. Covers API 5L PSL1/PSL2 X65/X70 grades, hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC) testing per NACE TM0284, SSC resistance, and microstructural requirements.

CE
Fundamentals

Cementite (Fe₃C) — Iron Carbide: Structure, Hardness and Role in Steel

Complete guide to cementite (Fe₃C) in steel. Covers orthorhombic structure, 6.67%C composition, extreme hardness, role in pearlite and hypereutectoid steels, network cementite embrittlement, and spheroidise annealing.

FE
Fundamentals

Ferrite in Steel — Alpha Iron: BCC Structure, Properties and Microstructure Role

Complete guide to ferrite (α-iron) in steel. Covers BCC crystal structure, 0.022%C solubility limit, mechanical properties, proeutectoid ferrite, Hall-Petch strengthening, and role in structural steels.

AU
Fundamentals

Austenite in Steel — FCC Iron, Carbon Solubility and Its Heat Treatment Role

Complete guide to austenite (γ-iron) in steel. Covers FCC structure, 2.14%C solubility, austenitising temperatures, retained austenite, austenite stability, and the central role of austenite in all steel heat treatments.

AU
Steel & Ferrous Metallurgy

Austenitic Stainless Steels: Composition, Properties, Welding, and Corrosion

Comprehensive guide to austenitic stainless steels. Covers 304, 316L, 310S, 317L composition and properties, work hardening, welding, sensitisation prevention, and corrosion resistance.

MI
Steel & Ferrous Metallurgy

Microalloyed Bar and Forging Steels: As-Rolled and Controlled Cooling Properties

Technical guide to microalloyed bar and forging steels. Covers V-N microalloying for as-rolled bar, interphase precipitation strengthening, controlled cooling after forging, and comparison with quench-and-temper grades.

CR
Steel & Ferrous Metallurgy

Creep and Creep-Resistant Steels: P91, P92, and Grade 91 for Power Plant

Comprehensive guide to P91 and P92 creep-resistant steels for power plant. Covers 9Cr-1Mo-V microstructure, MX carbonitride precipitates, PWHT, Type IV cracking, and Larson-Miller life prediction.