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Home › Articles › Welding Metallurgy Welding Metallurgy Published June 29, 2026 · ~15 min read Weld Solidification Cracking: Causes, Mechanisms and Prevention Weld solidification cracking, also called hot cracking…
Home › Articles › Welding Metallurgy Published June 27, 2026 • 14 min read • Welding Metallurgy Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) Metallurgy: Subzones, Grain Growth and Properties The heat-affected zone…
Technical guide to underwater welding. Covers wet SMAW metallurgy challenges, porosity and cold cracking mechanisms, dry hyperbaric TIG and MIG for offshore pipelines, habitat systems, and weld quality considerations.
Technical guide to delta ferrite in austenitic stainless steel welds. Covers WRC-1992 Schaeffler diagram, Ferrite Number (FN), 3–8 FN optimal range for hot cracking prevention, sigma phase risk, and composition control.
Complete guide to acicular ferrite in steel weld metal. Covers intragranular nucleation at oxide/sulfide inclusions, interlocking needle morphology, CVN toughness compared to other weld microstructures, and inclusion chemistry requirements.
Comprehensive guide to weld defects. Covers solidification cracks, porosity, lack of fusion, undercut, cold cracks, lamellar tears — causes, detection methods, and acceptance criteria per ISO 5817 and ASME IX.
Technical guide to laser beam welding (LBW). Covers conduction vs keyhole mode, CO₂ and fibre laser comparison, beam focusing, weld geometry, porosity, and automotive tailor-welded blank applications.
Complete technical guide to friction stir welding (FSW). Covers process physics, rotating tool shoulder and pin, material flow zones (TMAZ, HAZ, nugget), defects, and aerospace/automotive applications.
Technical guide to electron beam welding (EBW). Covers vacuum environment, beam focusing, keyhole mode, extremely low heat input, weld geometry in titanium and nickel superalloys, and aerospace applications.
Complete technical guide to TIG (GTAW) welding metallurgy. Covers arc physics, shielding gas selection, filler metal compatibility, polarity, weld pool behaviour, and quality defects.