In-depth articles on metallurgy, materials science, and metal processing — written for engineers and learners alike.
Complete guide to austenite (γ-iron) in steel. Covers FCC structure, 2.14%C solubility, austenitising temperatures, retained austenite, austenite stability, and the central role of austenite in all steel heat treatments.
Free Ac1 and Ac3 critical temperature calculator for steel heat treatment design. Uses Andrews (1965) empirical equations to predict austenitising temperature range from steel composition.