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In-depth articles on metallurgy, materials science, and metal processing — written for engineers and learners alike.

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BC
Fundamentals

BCC, FCC and HCP Crystal Structures — Properties, Differences and Engineering Examples

Complete guide to BCC, FCC, and HCP crystal structures. Covers atomic packing factor, coordination number, slip systems, ductile-to-brittle transition, and iron’s allotropic transformation — the basis of all steel heat treatment.

CH
Materials Testing

Charpy and Izod Impact Testing: Fracture Toughness and DBTT Determination

Technical guide to Charpy V-notch and Izod impact testing. Covers specimen geometry, test procedure, DBTT curve, lateral expansion, shear fracture appearance, and acceptance criteria for structural steels.