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In-depth articles on metallurgy, materials science, and metal processing — written for engineers and learners alike.

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Fundamentals

The Eutectoid Reaction in Steel — Austenite to Pearlite at 0.77%C, 727°C

Complete guide to the eutectoid reaction in steel (γ → α + Fe₃C at 0.77%C, 727°C). Covers cooperative ferrite-cementite growth, lamellar spacing, Avrami kinetics, colony formation, and the relationship to hypo- and hypereutectoid steels.

PE
Fundamentals

Pearlite Microstructure — Lamellar Ferrite-Cementite in Eutectoid Steel

Complete guide to pearlite microstructure in steel. Covers eutectoid reaction at 727°C, lamellar interlamellar spacing vs temperature, hardness, applications in rails and high-strength wire, and fine vs coarse pearlite.

PE
Microstructure

Pearlite Formation: Nucleation, Lamellar Spacing, and Strengthening

Technical guide to pearlite formation in steels. Covers nucleation at grain boundaries, lamellar spacing vs undercooling, interlamellar spacing and strength relationship, and railway rail steel applications.