In-depth articles on metallurgy, materials science, and metal processing — written for engineers and learners alike.
Technical guide to delta ferrite in austenitic stainless steel welds. Covers WRC-1992 Schaeffler diagram, Ferrite Number (FN), 3–8 FN optimal range for hot cracking prevention, sigma phase risk, and composition control.
Technical guide to duplex stainless steels. Covers austenite-ferrite microstructure, 2205 and 2507 grades, PREN, phase balance control in welding, embrittlement risks, and oil/gas applications.