Knowledge Base

All Articles

In-depth articles on metallurgy, materials science, and metal processing — written for engineers and learners alike.

Filter: All Microstructure Materials Testing Calculators Fundamentals Welding Metallurgy Manufacturing Metallurgy Corrosion Science Steel & Ferrous Metallurgy
TI
Welding Metallurgy

TIG (GTAW) Welding Metallurgy: Shielding Gases, Filler Metals, and Arc Physics

Complete technical guide to TIG (GTAW) welding metallurgy. Covers arc physics, shielding gas selection, filler metal compatibility, polarity, weld pool behaviour, and quality defects.

HE
Welding Metallurgy

Heat-Affected Zone in Steel Welds: Microstructure, Hardness, and Cold Cracking

Detailed technical guide to the heat-affected zone (HAZ) in steel welds. Covers CGHAZ, FGHAZ, hardness gradients, cold cracking susceptibility, preheat calculation, and NACE limits.