In-depth articles on metallurgy, materials science, and metal processing — written for engineers and learners alike.
In-depth guide to vacuum heat treatment of tool steels. Covers furnace design, high-pressure gas quenching, distortion control, and metallurgical outcomes for H13, D2, and M2 grades.
Technical guide to microalloyed bar and forging steels. Covers V-N microalloying for as-rolled bar, interphase precipitation strengthening, controlled cooling after forging, and comparison with quench-and-temper grades.
Technical guide to stainless steel selection and surface finish for food and pharmaceutical processing. Covers Ra requirements, electropolishing, passivation, EHEDG/FDA compliance, and material selection for CIP/SIP systems.
Free PREN (Pitting Resistance Equivalent Number) calculator for stainless steels and nickel alloys. Computes PREN and PRENw with tungsten, plus seawater service rating and closest standard grade comparison.
Free corrosion rate calculator using the gravimetric weight-loss method per ASTM G1/G31. Outputs mm/year, mpy, µm/year, and g/m²/day from coupon weight loss, exposure time, area and metal density.
Free Ms temperature calculator for steel. Uses Andrews (1965), Steven-Haynes (1956), and Barbier (2012) empirical equations to predict martensite start temperature from steel composition.
Free Ac1 and Ac3 critical temperature calculator for steel heat treatment design. Uses Andrews (1965) empirical equations to predict austenitising temperature range from steel composition.
Free tensile strength from hardness calculator for steels. Estimates UTS from Vickers (HV), Brinell (HBW), or Rockwell C (HRC) hardness using ASTM and ISO 18265 correlations. Includes yield strength estimate and confidence assessment.
Free galvanic corrosion risk estimator based on the galvanic series in seawater. Select two metals to assess corrosion risk level, identify the anode, evaluate area ratio effects, and get engineering recommendations for prevention.
Free Jominy hardenability calculator for steel. Estimates ideal critical diameter D_I and end-quench hardness profile from steel composition using the Grossmann method. Includes Jominy position to cooling rate and section size reference table.