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In-depth articles on metallurgy, materials science, and metal processing — written for engineers and learners alike.

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Fundamentals

Martensite in Steel — Diffusionless Transformation, BCT Structure and Hardness

Complete guide to martensite in steel. Covers diffusionless FCC→BCT transformation, Koistinen-Marburger equation, carbon content vs hardness relationship, lath vs plate morphology, and why tempering is essential.

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Tutorials

Tutorial: How to Read and Apply TTT and CCT Diagrams in Steel Heat Treatment

Step-by-step tutorial on reading TTT and CCT diagrams. Covers overlaying cooling curves, predicting microstructures, calculating critical cooling rates, and selecting quench media for a given steel grade.

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Heat Treatment

The Complete Guide to Quenching Steel: Cooling Rates, Media, and Microstructure

Comprehensive guide to quenching steel — TTT diagrams, quench media selection (water, oil, polymer), martensite formation, distortion, and industrial best practices.