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Alloy Design

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LO
Alloy Design

Low-Temperature Steels for Cryogenic Service: 9Ni, Invar, and Austenitic Grades

Technical guide to steels for cryogenic service. Covers 9Ni steel for LNG storage, Invar (36Ni) for precision structures, and austenitic 304L/316L for liquid N₂/O₂ service — properties, fracture toughness, and design.

PR
Alloy Design

Precipitation Hardening of Aluminium Alloys: Solution Treatment, Quenching, and Aging

Complete guide to precipitation hardening of aluminium alloys. Covers T4/T6/T73 tempers, GP zone formation, θ’ in 2024, β’ in 6061, η in 7075, and quench sensitivity effects.

HA
Alloy Design

Hardfacing Alloys: Stellite, Chromium Carbide, and Tungsten Carbide Overlay

Technical guide to hardfacing overlay alloys. Covers cobalt-base (Stellite), iron-base (Cr carbide), and WC-based hardfacing — composition, hardness, wear mode, application process, and industrial selection.

CO
Alloy Design

Cobalt Alloys: Vitallium, Stellite, and MP35N for Medical and Aerospace

Guide to cobalt-base alloys for medical implants and aerospace. Covers Co-Cr-Mo (ASTM F75, Vitallium), Stellite wear alloys, and MP35N multiphase alloy — composition, properties, and biocompatibility.

WE
Alloy Design

Weldability of Aluminium Alloys: Hot Cracking, Porosity, and Filler Selection

Technical guide to aluminium welding metallurgy. Covers hot cracking susceptibility by alloy series, hydrogen porosity prevention, HAZ softening, filler selection (4043/5356), and MIG/TIG procedures.

CO
Alloy Design

Cobalt-Free Tungsten Carbide Hard Metals: Ni, Fe, and Alternative Binders

Technical guide to cobalt-free cemented carbide hard metals. Covers Co toxicity, WC-Ni and WC-Fe properties vs WC-Co, nickel binder CALPHAD design, and applications in food, medical, and wear parts.

MA
Alloy Design

Maraging Steels: Ultra-High Strength Through Intermetallic Precipitation

Comprehensive guide to maraging steels. Covers 18Ni grades, intermetallic precipitation mechanism (Ni₃Mo, Ni₃Ti), simple heat treatment, properties, weldability, and aerospace/tooling applications.

DU
Alloy Design

Duplex Stainless Steels: Microstructure, PREN, and Weldability

Technical guide to duplex stainless steels. Covers austenite-ferrite microstructure, 2205 and 2507 grades, PREN, phase balance control in welding, embrittlement risks, and oil/gas applications.

TR
Alloy Design

TRIP and TWIP Advanced High Strength Steels for Automotive

Technical guide to TRIP and TWIP advanced high strength steels (AHSS). Covers microstructure, retained austenite stability, work hardening mechanisms, formability, and automotive structural applications.

PR
Alloy Design

Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steels: 17-4 PH and 15-5 PH

Complete guide to precipitation-hardening (PH) stainless steels. Covers 17-4 PH and 15-5 PH composition, H900/H1150 heat treatment conditions, mechanical properties, and aerospace/medical applications.