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In-depth articles on metallurgy, materials science, and metal processing — written for engineers and learners alike.

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MA
Microstructure

Martensite: Lath vs Plate, Twinning, and Carbon Content Effects

Detailed guide to martensite morphologies in steel. Covers lath martensite (low/medium C), plate martensite (high C), midrib, internal twinning, retained austenite, and relationship to hardness and toughness.

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Fundamentals

Retained Austenite in Steel — Causes, Measurement and Sub-Zero Treatment

Technical guide to retained austenite in hardened steels. Covers formation mechanism, effect of carbon content on fraction retained, problems in bearings and tool steels, XRD measurement, and sub-zero cryogenic treatment.

AU
Fundamentals

Austenite in Steel — FCC Iron, Carbon Solubility and Its Heat Treatment Role

Complete guide to austenite (γ-iron) in steel. Covers FCC structure, 2.14%C solubility, austenitising temperatures, retained austenite, austenite stability, and the central role of austenite in all steel heat treatments.

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Alloy Design

TRIP and TWIP Advanced High Strength Steels for Automotive

Technical guide to TRIP and TWIP advanced high strength steels (AHSS). Covers microstructure, retained austenite stability, work hardening mechanisms, formability, and automotive structural applications.

BE
Alloy Design

Bearing Steels: 52100 (SUJ2/100Cr6) Metallurgy and Heat Treatment

Technical guide to 52100 (100Cr6/SUJ2) bearing steel. Covers carbide network control, austenitising temperature effect on retained austenite, cryogenic treatment, and rolling contact fatigue life.