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In-depth articles on metallurgy, materials science, and metal processing — written for engineers and learners alike.

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Fundamentals

TTT Diagram Explained — Time-Temperature-Transformation in Steel

Complete guide to TTT (Time-Temperature-Transformation) diagrams. Covers the C-curves, pearlite and bainite noses, Ms/Mf martensite lines, critical cooling rate, austempering, martempering, and how alloying elements shift the curves.

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Tutorials

Tutorial: Designing a Heat Treatment Cycle Using TTT and Jominy Data

Step-by-step tutorial on designing a quench and temper heat treatment cycle. Uses TTT diagram + Jominy hardenability data to select quench medium, verify through-hardness, and specify tempering temperature for 4140 steel.

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Tutorials

Tutorial: How to Read and Apply TTT and CCT Diagrams in Steel Heat Treatment

Step-by-step tutorial on reading TTT and CCT diagrams. Covers overlaying cooling curves, predicting microstructures, calculating critical cooling rates, and selecting quench media for a given steel grade.

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Heat Treatment

The Complete Guide to Quenching Steel: Cooling Rates, Media, and Microstructure

Comprehensive guide to quenching steel — TTT diagrams, quench media selection (water, oil, polymer), martensite formation, distortion, and industrial best practices.